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Science  03 Mar 2017:
Vol. 355, Issue 6328, pp. 925-931

The extent to which pre-Columbian societies altered Amazonian landscapes is hotly debated.
We performed a basin-wide analysis of pre-Columbian impacts on Amazonian forests by
overlaying known archaeological sites in Amazonia with the distributions and abundances of
85 woody species domesticated by pre-Columbian peoples. Domesticated species are five
times more likely than nondomesticated species to be hyperdominant. Across the basin,
the relative abundance and richness of domesticated species increase in forests on and around
archaeological sites. In southwestern and eastern Amazonia, distance to archaeological sites
strongly influences the relative abundance and richness of domesticated species. Our analyses
indicate that modern tree communities in Amazonia are structured to an important extent by
a long history of plant domestication by Amazonian peoples.

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